-
Spatial Prisoner´s Dilemma and Laws of Imitation in Social Psychology
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2013
Pages:
53-57
Received:
30 March 2013
Published:
20 May 2013
Abstract: It is designed a game based on the spatial prisoner introducing the three laws of imitation defined by Tarde. The French author described (1) the law of close contact, (2) the law of imitation of superiors by inferiors and (3) the law of insertion. The first law is defined like a Conformist rule; the second law is defined like a Maximization rule and the third law is defined like a Fashion rule or, alternating, a Snob rule. The method used to design the simulation in Java language programming is based on interactive evolutionary game rules which are constantly updated and is inspired by the paradigm of Chavalarias´ metamimetic games. These games introduce very suggestive notions of Nonlinear Dynamics such as mimetic attractor or mimetic equilibrium. It is obtained the formation of little “clusters” of cooperators supporting these laws of imitation
Abstract: It is designed a game based on the spatial prisoner introducing the three laws of imitation defined by Tarde. The French author described (1) the law of close contact, (2) the law of imitation of superiors by inferiors and (3) the law of insertion. The first law is defined like a Conformist rule; the second law is defined like a Maximization rule a...
Show More
-
Islamic Law & Women Rights in Bangladesh
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2013
Pages:
22-33
Abstract: The concept of women rights is in fact originated from Islamic jurisprudence although there many debates and arguments on this issue. It is observed that the position of women was ignored since the pre-Islamic customs of the Arabian people in all respects. But after the revelation of the Hoy Quran, it is found that many suras such as the sura An-Nissa, Attin, Al-Mayeda etc.; cover a wide range of women rights. The Christianity, Islam, Hinduism and Communism etc.; emphasizes equal rights to men and women. However, the women rights as guaranteed to the women are not implemented properly due to unconsciousness and ignorance as to the importance of the women, lack of knowledge in Islam etc.; and therefore, the scholars of the Muslim world suggested that the respective government may pass some leading laws empowering the women community such as the Muslim Family Laws Ordinance, 1961; the Muslim Marriage and Divorce Act, 1939; the Family Laws Ordinance, 1985 etc.; which is really significant in this regard. It is being done in the most of the Islamic countries in the world including Pakistan, India, Tunisia, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Oman, Bahrain etc. The authority should implement the provisions of the International Bill of Human Rights as to the women rights. In Bangladesh, there are some important laws as mentioned above. This study however, examines the potentialities and constraints of the Islamic Family Laws in Bangladesh focusing on the women rights as applied in in the country based on the primary and secondary sources consisting of 25 respondents in the different criteria such as lecturers, students, primary school teachers, common people, business people, lawyers etc.; in Sylhet.
Abstract: The concept of women rights is in fact originated from Islamic jurisprudence although there many debates and arguments on this issue. It is observed that the position of women was ignored since the pre-Islamic customs of the Arabian people in all respects. But after the revelation of the Hoy Quran, it is found that many suras such as the sura An-Ni...
Show More
-
Only Children in Poland: Demographic, Social, and Educational Consequences
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2013
Pages:
34-38
Abstract: The main purpose of this article is to present the population of “only children” in Poland and address the poss-ible effects of very low fertility for the functioning of the family, society, education system, and the only children them-selves. This analysis is based primarily on statistics published by government institutions such the Central Statistical Office of Poland, Ministry of National Education, Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Ministry of Finance, etc. In Poland, as in other developed countries, a decrease in fertility can be observed. As a result, only children are a fast-growing group among children and adolescents. Due to changes to the definition of a family, the definition of an only child is also under transformation. Thus, the term “only child” can now refer to more and more people. Currently, the group of only children accounts for about 50% of all children. Data and demographic projections both for the population of only children and for fertility in Poland indicate that in the next few years the situation will worsen. This raises challenges on demographic grounds, as the substitutability of generations is not only threatened, but it is also not assured. Also, pedagogy becomes a field of trial, especially in terms of the education of children and in terms of preparing adults to be parents of an only child. New problems arise on a social basis in terms of providing care for the elderly and the functioning of pension systems. The growing population of only children also implies the need for new research in the field of social sciences and humanities.
Abstract: The main purpose of this article is to present the population of “only children” in Poland and address the poss-ible effects of very low fertility for the functioning of the family, society, education system, and the only children them-selves. This analysis is based primarily on statistics published by government institutions such the Central Stati...
Show More
-
Undergraduate ac-counting students’ perceptions of students’ empowerment and accounting technical skills: case in Universiti Tenaga Nasional (Uniten), Malaysia
Norlaila Mazura Hj. Mohaiyadin,
Mohd Amran Jaafar,
Afiqah Hassan,
Amira Rafhan Jafri,
Nur Aziannah Abd Azar
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2013
Pages:
39-47
Abstract: The aims of the study are to determine: 1) the significant relationships between students’ empowerment, ac-counting technical skills and students’ performance, 2) the significant difference between female and male students’ per-ception on empowerment and accounting technical skills and 3) significant differences among Cumulative Grade Point Averages (CGPAs) on the perception of students’ empowerment and accounting technical skills. 232 respondents were involved in a study that consists of the third and final year undergraduate accounting students at Universiti Tenaga Nasional (Uniten). The results indicated that there is no significant correlation between the students’ empowerment and students’ performance but there is a significant correlation between accounting technical skills and students’ performance. The results also denoted that there is no significant difference among gender and the level of students’ performance on the students’ empowerment and accounting technical skills.
Abstract: The aims of the study are to determine: 1) the significant relationships between students’ empowerment, ac-counting technical skills and students’ performance, 2) the significant difference between female and male students’ per-ception on empowerment and accounting technical skills and 3) significant differences among Cumulative Grade Point Averag...
Show More
-
An Analysis of Competitive Strategy for Taiwan’s Aerospace Industry
Shu-Chen Chang,
Guan-Yuan Lai
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2013
Pages:
48-52
Abstract: Previous studies related Taiwan’s aerospace industry mainly focus on technical research and development, production and information management, and partnerships. However, these studies lack to investigate competitive strategy of Taiwan’s aerospace industry using industrial organization theory. The main goal of this study is to investigate the current situation of the Taiwan’s aerospace industry. This study uses the threestage least square method to estimate the relationship among the market structure, behavior and performance. The empirical results show that market share has significant and positive effect on businessperformance in the whole aerospace industry. R&D investment ratio, the elasticity of capital use, the scale of domestic market, and the profit ratio have significant and positive impacts on the market share. In addition, the increases in profit ratio and human resources, as well as the electronic commerce could improve the capability of industrial R&D.
Abstract: Previous studies related Taiwan’s aerospace industry mainly focus on technical research and development, production and information management, and partnerships. However, these studies lack to investigate competitive strategy of Taiwan’s aerospace industry using industrial organization theory. The main goal of this study is to investigate the curre...
Show More
-
Orphans and Vulnerable Children (OVC) in Uganda; Are Orphans More Malnourished Than Non-Orphans
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2013
Pages:
58-65
Received:
24 April 2013
Published:
20 May 2013
Abstract: Many scholars and policy makers have often said that orphaned children are more vulnerable than any other children within the same environment in which they live. This paper compared the nutrition status of orphans and non-orphans to see if orphans were more malnourished and if not to investigate factors affecting nutrition of children. It is based on the 2006 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey data. The analysis compared orphans and non-orphaned children in relation to the three anthropometric measures of underweight, stunting and wasting limiting itself to -2SD. The findings indicated that orphans (wasting-33.1%, underweight-17.0% and stunted-5.9%) were not more malnourished than non-orphans (wasting-39.2%, underweight-17.2% and stunted-6.5%). Results showed that maternal orphans (48.2%) are affected more in terms of nutritional indicators at least in the short term than paternal orphans (29.0%). The most important determinant on nutrition was the household wealth index and level of education of the mother for children living with their mothers in the same households.
Abstract: Many scholars and policy makers have often said that orphaned children are more vulnerable than any other children within the same environment in which they live. This paper compared the nutrition status of orphans and non-orphans to see if orphans were more malnourished and if not to investigate factors affecting nutrition of children. It is bas...
Show More
-
The Politicization of European Identity in International Scientific Circles
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2013
Pages:
66-75
Received:
11 April 2013
Published:
30 May 2013
Abstract: European Union introduces the right of European citizenship with the Maastricht treaty of 1992. This law explains the direct relationship between citizens and the Union, giving European citizens in case of need, especially when outside the European Union, to be represented by any Consulate of a country - member of the Union. This applies in cases when it is different from their national state. Certainly these issues are beyond the powers of an international organization because they are related to constitutional norms of a state that in accordance with the structure of national groups to determine the qualifications of its own, national identity. It is therefore not surprising that the Union was in the process to discuss their own constitution which is still trying to be enacted. On the other hand, the resolution of these questions posed by the need to reach agreement on political integration, as the highest degree of integration between countries.The politicization of European identity in international scientific circles is more of a question as a practical reality versus efforts of the Union for Americanization of European cultural space that imposes globalization to the values of culture, especially the media space. If it’s known that the definition of European values is actually determining the global, universal norms and rules of behavior especially regarding human rights, freedoms and the characteristics that occur and determine identities of nations, it is difficult to generalize and practice as European identity. In this direction moves the same qualification of the Union as a community of national and cultural differences. From there, efforts to build the European identity in terms of institutional and financial crisis of the Union are harder to accrue out of the narrow, national frameworks of member states. Old and new 'ladies' the Union, the division of Eastern and Western Europe, the rich north and poor south, is deeply rooted in Western European mental code-category that in later time defines Europe's identity crisis
Abstract: European Union introduces the right of European citizenship with the Maastricht treaty of 1992. This law explains the direct relationship between citizens and the Union, giving European citizens in case of need, especially when outside the European Union, to be represented by any Consulate of a country - member of the Union. This applies in cases w...
Show More
-
Review on Indonesian Zakah Management and Obstacles
Mutiara Dwi Sari,
Zakaria Bahari,
Zahri Hamat
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2013
Pages:
76-89
Received:
29 April 2013
Published:
10 June 2013
Abstract: This paper presents a conceptual model a management of zakah in Indonesia. A variety of reforms and new ideas in the management and institutions are responsible for collecting and distributing of zakah. Zakah is a specific property with certain conditions prescribed for certain people and given to people or certain people (recipients) as well. The main aim of zakah has two dimensions i.e., spirituality (individually) and social economy to empowerment and enhance the status of the ummah (community). Indonesia as a country with huge Muslim population has great potential in the collection and distribution of zakah. If zakah is managed properly, it will certainly have positive effect on the well-being of poor Indonesians. In 1999 the government of Indonesia issued the Law on the management of zakah, from the moment zakah management in Indonesia entering a new era. Zakah management becomes more professional and systematic. There are two of zakah collections and distribution, i.e. governmental approach and nongovernmental approach. Government established approach consists Badan Amil Zakah (BAZ) and Baitul Mal, meanwhile nongovernmental approach consists Lembaga Amil Zakah (LAZ) (such as Dhuafa Wallet and Zakah Home), Mosques, Islamic Boarding School (pesantren) and Individually. Lack of coordination between all institutions of zakah management has resulted in the achievement of zakah collection and distribution does not optimum. The existence of the trust to the board of the crisis the government formed between the inhibited zakah management of Indonesia. Besides the sociological aspects of weakness, juridical aspect is also one reason why potential zakah Indonesia has not fully handled.
Abstract: This paper presents a conceptual model a management of zakah in Indonesia. A variety of reforms and new ideas in the management and institutions are responsible for collecting and distributing of zakah. Zakah is a specific property with certain conditions prescribed for certain people and given to people or certain people (recipients) as well. The ...
Show More
-
Population Trends and Ageing Policy in Malta
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 2, April 2013
Pages:
90-96
Received:
8 May 2013
Published:
10 June 2013
Abstract: Malta is no exception to the unprecedented demographic changes that are being experienced by industrial countries. As a result of declining fertility and mortality levels, the Maltese islands have registered a decrease in fertility rates and a major improvement of life expectancy at birth. Following a brief introduction, the second section presents clear demographic data that outlines Malta’s gerontological transition, noting how the Maltese population has evolved out of a traditional pyramidal shape to an even-shaped block distribution of equal numbers at each cohort except at the top. The third section focuses on population projections for Malta which highlight how in the near future the nation will continue to experience a decline in the numbers and percentages of the younger and working age population, with the opposite effect with respect to older persons. The final section outlines Malta’s social policy on active ageing, as it related to labor issues, participation in society, and healthy, independent and secure living in later life. This part notes how to-date many older people already participate in and contribute to society in a variety of ways such as providing support to their families by caring for spouses or grandchildren, working as volunteers or paid employees, and in receipt of various health and social care services that enable ‘ageing in place’. The study concludes that although several inroads have been made in welfare ageing policies, further initiatives are warranted for older persons to lead active, successful, and productive lifestyles.
Abstract: Malta is no exception to the unprecedented demographic changes that are being experienced by industrial countries. As a result of declining fertility and mortality levels, the Maltese islands have registered a decrease in fertility rates and a major improvement of life expectancy at birth. Following a brief introduction, the second section presents...
Show More
